the French Academy of Sciences glow in the dark pebbles

By the end of 1895, the German physicist Roentgen discovered a highly penetrating radiation, due to the nature of it does not understand, so named X-rays. After the discovery of X-ray after the news spread, the whole world sensation. 

January 20, 1896, the French Academy of Sciences held a regular meeting on Monday, the famous mathematician, physicist Poincare introduced Roentgen's discovery, also exhibited an X-ray photograph. His report aroused great glow in the dark rock‍ interest of the participants. After the meeting, the French physicist Burke Harrell rushed back to his lab. He and his father have long been studying the fluorescence phenomenon, they found that some of the material in the sunlight emits fluorescence. This discovery led to many applications today: fluorescent lamp called, because it's inside of the tube is coated with phosphor; are coated with a phosphor dot on the 12 hour luminous watch, after daylight illumination after their night after listening to Poincare able luminous ...... reports Burke Harrell feel the need to verify whether the fluorescent substance can emit X-rays. 

In early February, Burke Harrell began his experiments. He took a bottle of fluorescent substance - a yellow-green potassium uranyl sulfate, a substance in the sunlight will fluoresce, Burke Harrell wanted to know whether they will also emit X-rays. He modeled Roentgen X-ray inspection method, the photographic film with a black wrap tightly, then pour a spoonful of phosphor on the parcel, and then get the sun go down while drying. glow in the dark pigments‍ Burke Harrell then pour the phosphor to go back to the bottle, then took the bag with a black wrap film into the camera darkroom, after flushing has been found photographic negatives, and spoon on top of it is that the phosphor geometry shadow. Burke Harrell knew that the sun and fluorescent light can not penetrate the black paper to make photographic film. Now the film is sensitive, and this shows the phosphor after the sun can really emit X-rays, X-rays can penetrate because only black paper to make photographic film. So Burke Harrell at a regular meeting of the Academy of Sciences on February 24, briefly reported the discovery. 

next regular meeting glow in the dark stones

In order to make the next regular meeting of the official report, Burke Harrell ready to do an experiment. But bad weather, rainy days in a row starting from February 26. He had to be disappointed with the phosphor and black glow in the dark powder‍ wrap was sternly put together photographic negatives desk drawer, waiting for fine weather. When the drawer shut him shoving a key pressed on black paper bag and placed the bottle on the edge of a fluorescent substance.

March 1 weather cleared, Burke Harrell ready to proceed with a new experiment. Two specially drawn carefully, he took a look at the film before the experiment to see whether the light leakage. Results of spot checks to make Burke Harrell shocked: Two negatives are exposed, on which there is a shadow of that key! How is this going? After the film is wrapped with black in a drawer, but also the continuous rainy days, there is less sunlight shine, bottle of fluorescence emitted fluorescent substance is not, why would a photosensitive film it? 

After careful analysis, Burke Harrell guess, probably double uranium oxide and potassium sulfate itself emits an invisible rays, these rays are like X-rays, as can penetrate black paper to make photographic film. At a regular meeting on March 2 Academy, glow in the dark pigments‍ Burke Harrell excited to announce this new discovery, and his original statement is unreasonable inferences. In fact, in the sunlight dioxygen potassium sulfate uranium fluorescence emitted does not contain the X-rays. Burke Harrell initial experiments done under the sun, radioactive rays actually make the film a sense of light, but he mistakenly thought it was an X-ray Bale. 

Burke Harrell has designed glow in the dark material

After the March 2 meeting, Burke Harrell has designed and made a series of experiments. He was such a uranium salt crystals heating, refrigeration, and research into powder, dissolved in acid, such as for physical or chemical processing on, he found that as long as the compound contains uranium, there is this magical penetrating radiation. Burke Harrell also experimenting with pure uranium metal, found double the oxygen it produces glow in the dark ‍ radioactive than uranium and potassium sulphate strong three, four times. He put this radiation is called "uranium rays." At a regular meeting of the Academy of Sciences on May 18, Burke Harrell announced uranium or uranium salts spontaneously emitted radiation (uranium rays). This is a new, self-generated by the atomic beam, the intensity of this radiation is not affected because of the heating, cooling, pulverizing and dissolving on physical or chemical changes occur, in other words, these rays are very "way "No matter what kind of impact it is applied to the outside world, it consistently emit rays. This major discovery Burke Harrell and Roentgen discovered X-rays together, sounded the world welcomed the atomic era bell. To this end, Burke Harrell won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the year 1903. 

Afterwards, some people think that Burke Becquerel discovered radioactivity by accident. How come we look at this issue? Of course, that coincided with the rainy days, this is accidental factors. However, Burke Harrell experiment very carefully, Pro also checks before doing the film, it is not a matter of chance, but should be attributed to his rigorous scientific attitude. If he is only an experiment, or do not spot the film, it is glow in the dark pigments‍ impossible to succeed. In fact, with Burke Harrell roughly the same period, the scientists also discovered another double uranium oxide film with potassium sulfate together are sensitive. However, he thought it had nothing to study this phenomenon took place easily passed. 

The famous French scientist Pasteur said a maxim: 

"In the field of observation, the opportunities for those who prefer only the prepared mind." 

Burke Harrell is a "prepared mind," the eminent scientist, so when you look closely at the things around, there is a significant discovery.‍

Luminous paint spraying glow in the dark dye

Use 

Luminous paint spraying: 

A. Demand for covering large area of flat paint do not recommend the use of spraying (spraying air gun is better). 

B. ** when using air spray, can be used directly without dilution or spray viscosity depending on the needs of discretionary add diluent (with BAC or toluene may be), glow in the dark pebbles‍ the amount of diluent should be added to ≦ 5% is appropriate, in order to avoid reducing its cover force. 

C. Department of luminous paint genus (oil painting from the dry), containing polar solvent blend of water-based paint and the general fear of elastic coating paint erosion of doubt, please use the former to be prudent in a small area or hidden at the first trial. 

1 spray coating surface cleaning should be preceded, if not flat first surface repairs will drape smooth; Judai it completely dry, then 

Pre-spray acrylic series white (plain) primer better. 

2 To make better STORING luminous paint is recommended to be sure before spraying spraying Acrylic white (plain) primer for the bottom. 

3 to be spray primer is completely dry, then spray luminous paint sprayed Please coated surface distance is 15-25 cm is appropriate, spray a thin layer of about 5-10 minutes or so and then be sprayed a second channel. 

Between 4 per channel spraying time to 5-10 minutes is appropriate, should be sprayed at least three minimum benchmarks, even after the case, as the spray; spray fourth channel can be coupled or more, with thickening of the paint film thickness of its STORING stronger (ie, better brightness at night). 

5 luminous paint (touch dry time is about 15-20 minutes), after the completion of the visual needs spraying lacquer spray again to make more beautiful luminous glow in the dark pigments‍ paint surface using time more durable. 

Brushing with: 

A. Pifu small area of ??the things recommended brushing (using special paint brush). 

B. When using the brush can be used directly without dilution or brushing viscosity increases proportionally thinner demand (in BAC or toluene may be), the amount of diluent should be added to ≦ 5% is appropriate in order to avoid reducing their opacity. 

C. Department of luminous paint genus (oily self dry spray / painting), containing polar solvent blend of general water-based paint, elastic coating paint erosion of fear in doubt, please use the former to be prudent in small area or shelter first trial. 

1 Brushing should be preceded by glow in the dark‍ coating the surface clean, if not flat first surface repairs will drape smooth Judai it completely dry, and then pre-spray acrylic series white (plain) primer better. 

2 To make better recommendations STORING luminous paint before brushing sure to spray acrylic series white (plain) primer for the bottom. 

After 3 to be spraying or brushing the primer is completely dry, then brushing luminous paint, please adopt accomplished in the same direction when brushing coating material 

A thick coating operations, after waiting for 15-20 minutes until their surface slightly dried in the same manner as the aforementioned second channel operations. 

4 Do not brush when brushing over construction under way or about to move back and forth brushing to avoid uneven luminous walk to produce dispersion, resulting in serious glow in the dark dye‍ impact on its light-storing capacity. 

5 per channel brushing interval 15-20 minutes is appropriate, recommend brushing at least four cases for uniform minimum benchmark, as the brushing can be added after the fifth channel or more, with thickening of the film thickness of STORING its stronger (ie, better brightness at night). 

6 luminous paint (touch dry time is about 20-30 minutes), after the completion of the visual needs brushing or spraying again on brushing lacquer to make a more beautiful luminous paint surface using time more durable. 

Luminous paint construction: luminous paint brush to go through after the formation of the film in order to function. Therefore, to fully dry.‍

Typical of luminous paint applications glow in the dark material

Usage 

Typical of luminous paint applications: apply to the display of objects and backing night 

1 construction and decoration, glow in the dark pigments‍ interior decoration, lighting, painting, wall. 

2 Night goods identification mark, the power switch, tool or toolbox. 

3.PUB, KTV, stores, large gatherings, business premises landscaping. 

4 traffic signs, fire emergency escape systems, military equipment, garden landscaping. 

5 watches, buttons, field instrument or indicator, radios, cameras. 

6 bicycles, motorcycles, glow in the dark dye‍ cars, body patterns and aluminum ring, steel ring. 

7 Fishing equipment, aquarium equipment, flags, stickers, toys. 

8 general jewelry, stunning image painted, ceilings and other landscaping ‍

Translucent yellow-green liquid glow in the dark stones

Features 

Translucent yellow-green liquid; daytime appearance is slightly yellow liquid, yellow and green light after light storage. 

First, the composition: this paint is mainly composed of a synthetic resin or emulsion, storage luminescent materials having dispersed. 

Second, characteristics: The paint storage material on its own constant light emitted, it is absorbed in the sun light, the light, visible light irradiation, and the energy in the dark under conditions of low frequency absorption of the visible glow in the dark pigments‍ light is emitted, is excited by visible light luminescence phenomenon caused. 

Third, use: The paint is mainly used for construction, decoration, advertising, traffic signs, man-made landscape, also used as hotels, shopping malls and special occasions luminous signs, can also be used for low-level emergency lighting. 

Fourth, the technical performance: 

Flexibility 1mm 

Adhesion 1 

Impact strength 50kg / cm2 

Drying time glow in the dark‍ dry 2 h 24 h hard work 

Luminous intensity (10 points Zhong Yuhui) 300mcd / ㎡ 

Afterglow time 200min 

Fifth, the construction requirements: 

1, before construction to be coated on the surface glow in the dark dye‍ treatment, to no oil, no rust marks no dust, clean environment during the construction requirements and have ventilation and air dust collector equipment and other facilities to ensure the construction quality. 

2, the coating process: You can spray or brush. 

3, the paint must be fully Stir well before use, the construction can be carried out with special thinner to application viscosity. 

4, after the substrate handling, can brush primer, primer to be completely dry and then brush finish.‍

Luminous paint market has yet glow in the dark material

Luminous paint market has yet to be developed to replace street lights 

Dutch 500-meter long section of the light-emitting end Photoluminescent Aluminum Sheet‍ of the road will be put into trial, road markings using fluorescent paint, after charging in daylight, at night more than eight hours of continuous green fluorescence, thereby replacing the lights. But at this stage, in order to become a substitute luminous paint street, still faces many challenges. 

City Toru luminous paint to be developed 

Champoux consulting chemical industry analyst pointed out: the study of luminous paint, the world began to pay attention to it, except for the Netherlands in the road at night, the Japanese researchers have developed can be in the range of 250 degrees to minus 100 degrees, with the temperature changes Performance Coatings issued by different colors of light, this coating can be widely used in the design of the spacecraft cabin needs to withstand high temperatures, and ultra-high-speed train car body and so on. 

If large-scale applications luminous street lights up, you can save energy, Glowing vinyl Realglow‍ reduce costs and improve road safety. Luminous essence is the use of a road will glow in the dark fluorescent powder to make signs, the roads automatic light. This is known as light-emitting long afterglow phosphor powder, which is the usual sense of luminous paint, this material can absorb sun light during the day, at night and gradually release the green light. Since the 1990s, long afterglow luminescent powder began to receive widespread attention, and began to apply at night signs, emergency lighting and light-emitting ceramic.

Luminous usage is according to their glow in the dark material

Luminous how to use 

Luminous usage is according to their actual situation, different requirements, luminance and different uses has a different use, can be summed up their own solutions to fit in the actual production process according to the product. The following content is for reference 

??Luminous powder for injection: the ratio of glow in the dark material‍ nd plastic materials, generally is around 4% -10%, depending on the color depth of the product, plus less light color, dark color principle to pay more may be. A Ingredients: first spread of oil added to the raw stir for one minute, then add the luminous stir one minute, two minutes plus toner stirring, mixing time should not be too long, pay attention! Luminous very sensitive to long-term iron friction material will darken too long. Second, the injection molding machine: Injection confidential clean, temperature should be transferred to a minimum, can be injection molded, the material in the injection molding machine time not too long, to avoid burning, injection molding machines of different products, there are also differences between the new and old machines machine, machine-made and imported machines, which require debugging slowly resolved. Third, the luminous: In injection molding, Photoluminescent Aluminum Sheet‍ the long-term luminous various reasons, injection molding, injection molding machine, melting temperature of the material may cause darkening short luminous efficiency (luminous ZnS) good performance in terms of black injection point. If there are no special requirements for selection of short-acting luminous. 

???Luminous powder for printing: To reduce the paint, luminous powder luminous precipitation problems, you can use the high-viscosity resin, and add anti-settling agent, to be stirred before use, can be used to adjust the viscosity diluents, do not use heavy metal compounds do additives. Use white or reflective print background color based, can improve brightness and lighting time printed pattern. Paint and ink coating thickness is preferably greater than 100μ, such as up to 130μ ~ 150μ, its best, (with a 80 mesh screen printing, twice to achieve this thickness). Luminous recommended dosage is 10% of the total weight to 70%, the more luminous the better usage. Depending on the printing material, choose different types of transparent substrates, such as printed metal, the metal should Glowing vinyl Realglow‍ choose special inks, such as printed PVC material, PVC is necessary to choose a dedicated ink, the higher the better transparency. For use water-based paints and inks, luminous microencapsulated subject to special treatment. 

Luminous materials at home glow in the dark dye

Material 

Luminous materials at home and abroad mainly ZnS, SrS and CaS made, glows green and yellow. SrS, CaS deliquescent material, to a wide range of applications difficult. So the market mainly ZnS luminous material as a substrate. Afterglow time, but it is only 1 to 3 hours, while the light (such as sunlight), Photoluminescent Ceramic‍ UV light and black perishable moist air, so that in many applications in the field is limited. Adding cobalt, copper activated ZnS luminous although of a long afterglow time, it was quenched with infrared phenomenon, electric lights (including more red) radiation, the afterglow quickly extinguished. 

4 craftsmanship editor 

I. Features: Unlike the luminous phosphors, which non-radioactive, light long short but luminous efficiency, low cost, colorful. 

Second, the equipment: electric furnace, crucible, ball mill, drying equipment. 

Third, the formula: 

Red luminous powder: 55 g of barium sulfate, 40 g of magnesium sulfate, lithium phosphate, 2 g, 3 g of copper nitrate 

Blue luminous: 63 g of calcium sulfide, sodium sulfate, 5 g, 5 g of potassium sulfate, strontium sulfate, 10 g, 6 g of sodium chloride, 1 g of silver nitrate, 10 g magnesium sulfate. 

Purple luminous powder: 63 g calcium sulfide, magnesium sulfide 26 grams, 10 grams sodium sulfide, strontium nitrate 1 g. 

Green luminous powder: 55 g calcium sulfide, Photoluminescent Gravel‍ potassium sulfide 1 g, 10 g sodium sulfide, barium nitrate 12 g, 13 g of indium nitrate. 

Yellow luminous powder: 55 g barium sulfide, magnesium sulfate 40 g, 2 g aluminum sulfide, potassium nitrate 3 g. 

Fourth, Crafts: after with a good raw material, the temperature on the crucible furnace heating, raw material in the pot, but also do not pan, mix the raw materials directly on the burning furnace, the temperature is 133 degrees, burning 50 minutes After hand-colored pick insufficiency impurities, and then placed in the cooked raw mill ground into fine powder and then soaked in water for precipitation to remove water, the sink in the powder on the oven dry. 

Fifth, use: put a colorless transparent plexiglass Two bananas dissolved in water. After adding 72 hours to the amount of luminous paint on watches, clocks, Photoluminescent pigment‍ instruments and crafts. 

EL is an energy conversion device glow in the dark dye

Theory of Operation 

Works 

EL is an energy conversion device, cold light source for general working voltage and frequency operating voltage can be adjusted after AC40V ~ AC220V, while the operating frequency can be 50 Hz to 4000 Hz, increasing the voltage glow in the dark dye‍ will increase luminescence brightness, if the increase in frequency also increase the brightness, color and feel cold light blue. 

Luminescence lifetime 

Unlike traditional cold light source phenomenon will suddenly come to an end, but after a long period of use, the brightness of luminescence will gradually decline, voltage, frequency, temperature, and moisture are important factors that affect the luminescence lifetime. 

Luminescent brightness 

Luminescence brightness can be obtained via photometric measurements, so the brightness cold light source photometric calculations usually expressed in units, but the human eye is less likely to achieve such sensitivity, standards are usually visual sense and photometer comparison, there will be a certain degree of error. 

Luminescent power source 

Produce cold light source via a matching transformer glow in the dark pebbles‍  inverter design (DRIVER) to drive, and the drive voltage and frequency cold tablets, is in accordance with the size of the light sheet area, the use of the environment, life and other professional considerations conditions supporting the design and development of production processes. 

Weight and thickness of the luminescent film 

Cold tablets have a very attractive main condition is that its weight and thickness, weight is 0.1 grams of cold tablets per square centimeter, and the thickness is 0.2mm ~ 0.5mm, weight requirements for some special orders, cold tablets and thickness change will follow. 

Flexural toughness cold tablets 

Another advantage of EL sheet is that it has good flexibility, garden decorative stones‍ typically more than 2cm radius bending is acceptable, the flexural toughness characteristics of the EL sheet also gives more different environments purposes. 

The sealed edges of cold tablets 

In the cold light emitting masters of weeks it is proposed should be kept sealed appropriate width along at least a basic package should be 0.1cm, narrow luminescence lifetime package will make subtle changes.‍